Tonsils and adenoids are part of the body’s immune system and play a role in defending against infections.
They are located at the back of the throat and behind the nose, where they help trap germs that enter through the mouth and nose.

What are Tonsils?
Tonsils are two oval-shaped masses of tissue located at the back of the throat. They act as the first line of defense against bacteria and viruses.

Common Problems

• Tonsillitis: Inflammation or infection of the tonsils, often causing sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing
• Recurrent infections: Multiple throat infections in a year may require surgical removal
• Enlarged tonsils: May cause snoring, sleep apnea, or breathing difficulties

What are Adenoids?
Adenoids are small masses of tissue located higher up behind the nose, where the nasal passages connect to the throat. They are most active in children and usually shrink with age.

Common Problems

• Enlarged adenoids: May cause nasal blockage, snoring, mouth breathing, and recurrent ear infections
• Chronic infections: Persistent swelling and infections can interfere with breathing and hearing

An ENT specialist may:

• Examine the throat and tonsils directly
• Use nasal endoscopy to assess adenoids
• Request imaging (X-ray or CT scan) if needed
• Evaluate sleep patterns if sleep apnea is suspected

Medical management

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Pain relievers and supportive care for mild tonsillitis
• Nasal sprays and allergy management for swollen adenoids

Surgical management

• Tonsillectomy: Surgical removal of tonsils in cases of recurrent or severe infections, or sleep apnea
• Adenoidectomy: Removal of adenoids if enlarged or causing repeated ear and breathing problems
• Sometimes both surgeries are done together (adenotonsillectomy)

• Maintain good oral hygiene
• Stay hydrated and rest during infections
• Manage allergies early to reduce adenoid swelling
• Seek timely treatment for recurrent sore throats or ear infections

• Frequent sore throats or tonsillitis episodes
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing due to enlarged tonsils or adenoids
• Loud snoring or suspected sleep apnea
• Recurrent ear infections in children
• Persistent nasal obstruction or mouth breathing