Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of the sinuses – the air-filled spaces around the nose and eyes.
It interferes with normal mucus drainage, causing pressure and discomfort.

• Acute sinusitis – lasts less than 4 weeks, often due to colds or infections
• Subacute sinusitis – symptoms last 4–12 weeks
• Chronic sinusitis – lasts more than 12 weeks, usually linked with allergies, nasal polyps, or structural problems
• Recurrent sinusitis – several episodes within a year

• Viral or bacterial infections (often after colds)
• Allergies (hay fever, dust, pollen)
• Nasal polyps or deviated septum
• Fungal infections (rare, but more serious in immune-compromised patients)

• Blocked or stuffy nose
• Thick yellow/green nasal discharge
• Facial pain or pressure (forehead, cheeks, around eyes)
• Reduced or lost sense of smell
• Headache
• Fever (sometimes)
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Toothache (upper jaw)
• Fatigue

An ENT specialist may use:

• Nasal endoscopy (tiny camera inside the nose)
• CT scan (to view sinus structures)
• Allergy testing (if suspected)

Medical management

• Nasal saline irrigation (washes/mist)
• Nasal corticosteroid sprays
• Decongestants (short-term use only)
• Antibiotics (if bacterial infection is confirmed)
• Antihistamines (if allergies play a role)

Surgical management (for chronic/recurrent cases)

• FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery): to clear blocked sinuses
• Septoplasty: corrects deviated septum
• Polyp removal: if nasal polyps are present

• Stay hydrated and use humidifiers
• Inhale steam to ease congestion
• Avoid allergens and irritants (dust, smoke, strong odors)
• Manage allergies early
• Practice good nasal hygiene with saline sprays

• Symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improvement
• Recurrent infections (3–4 times a year)
• Vision problems, severe swelling, or very high fever